Sustainable Bunkering Service: LNG and Alternative Marine Fuels

With growing environmental concerns, industries are imposing strict regulations on transport processes. The maritime industry is also rapidly adapting to these environmental changes. New regulations and climate concerns have made shipping companies rethink their fuel choices. Bunkering service, also known as the process of supplying fuel to ships, is an important part of maritime transportation, as any change in fuel choice directly impacts the environment. Authorities have required companies to switch to more sustainable and cleaner fuels to reduce environmental impact.

Understanding Modern Bunkering Services

So far, bunkering services have relied on heavy fuel oil (HFO) and marine diesel oil (MDO). However, modern bunkering services are switching to cleaner and more environmentally friendly fuels in line with regulations set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Traditional fuels were responsible for producing harmful gases such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and greenhouse gases. The IMO aims to reduce carbon emissions by at least 50% by 2050.

LNG: Leading the Alternative Fuel Revolution

Among other safe marine fuels, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) has been the hero for its benefits in reducing the production of harmful gases. An LNG bunkering service reduces sulfur oxide emissions by virtually 100%, nitrogen oxide emissions by up to 85%, and carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 20% compared to conventional fuels. 

Due to its benefits and popularity, LNG bunkering service has developed a better infrastructure. LNG bunkering capabilities are now available at major ports across Europe, Asia, and North America. This capability is available through various methods, such as ship-to-ship transfer, truck-to-ship delivery, and pipeline connections. This network is growing rapidly, making LNG bunkering service easily accessible for shipping companies. 

However, LNG bunkering comes with challenges, including the need for specialised storage maintained at extremely low temperatures (-162°C). This storage system is expensive and requires careful maintenance. Despite the challenges, industry sees this as a practical and better fuel option. Experts call it a step toward a zero-emission future.

Exploring Other Alternative Marine Fuels

Besides LNG, the bunkering service industry is actively preparing for an array of alternative marine fuel options:

• Biofuels are the best sustainable solution for the ships, as they work with the existing engines and infrastructure. It is produced from sustainable sources such as agricultural residues, waste cooking oil, or algae. Scientists suggest that biofuels are a strong option for shipping because they reduce lifecycle carbon emissions. Major ports now offer bio-bunker blends, making bunkering services easily available for shippers without requiring major vessel modifications.
  
  

• Methanol is gaining popularity as another alternative fuel option for ships. It's more convenient to transport, as they are easier to store compared to LNG (liquid at ambient temperature). Methanol fuel for ships reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 10–15% when produced from natural gas or up to 90% when derived from renewable sources. Several shipping companies have already started their journey with methanol-powered vessels.
  
  

• Ammonia & hydrogen are the safest options, as they are zero-emission. However, commercial bunkering service providers do not yet provide either of these fuels. These fuels emit zero carbon dioxide during combustion, although they face some problems, such as production methods, storage safety, and enough distribution infrastructure.

The Infrastructure Challenge

The transition to sustainable bunkering services is not easy, as it requires systematic and well-planned infrastructure development. Ports must invest heavily in specialised storage facilities, transfer equipment, and safety systems for different fuel types. Additionally, staff training is essential, as personnel must understand the correct handling procedures for these fuels.

Despite the inherent challenges, a number of shipping companies are hesitant to invest in alternative fuel vessels without a guarantee of fuel availability. On the other hand, port operators are reluctant to build infrastructure without guaranteed demand. Fortunately, the regulatory and government pressure to move toward sustainability is breaking this condition and making them act on development plans.

Making the Right Choice

Today's shipping companies possess the knowledge to assess their options and select the optimal bunkering service. Several factors that should be considered are 

- Route and port availability: Does your regular route include ports with the necessary infrastructure?

- Vessel lifespan: How long will your ship remain in operation, and will your chosen fuel remain viable during that time?

- Compliance with regulations: Which alternative fuels in your operating locations adhere to current and upcoming regulations in terms of regulatory compliance?  

In addition to fuel prices, you should think about things like possible carbon taxes, operating changes, and improvements to the vessel as a whole.

The Future of Bunkering Service

With the introduction of alternative fuel options, the future of bunkering service is truly green. It may certainly require multiple fuel types coexisting. However, to make the process smooth, various things are needed, such as different vessel types, routes, and operational requirements. Methanol is preferred by container ships that usually move on fixed routes. While short-sea shipping could go for battery-electric propulsion, long-haul bulk carriers would choose LNG or ammonia fuel options.